One of the basic duties of the government is to make decisions in order to achieve results and realize the desired political vision. The offices of the government board, which is one of the most important institutions of the executive branch and at the same time the most unknown of them, play an essential role in the decision-making process of the executive branch and perform different roles and functions. The purpose of this research is to compare the offices of the government board in different countries from the perspective of its functions, functions and structure. For this purpose, different countries with different government systems, population, culture, history and political power have been investigated. Relevant data were extracted by referring to the websites of government offices or the website of the government and the executive branch and other related sources. The results show that the office of the government board has operated in different countries with different names such as the office of the board of ministers, the office of the cabinet, the government secretariat, the secretariat of the board of ministers and the general government secretariat, and in terms of law, it is the source of creating the organization of the government board office and the appointment of the secretary of the office and determining the duties and The functions of that office are different according to the requirements of each country.

Among the goals of managers is to maximize the wealth of shareholders and reduce the capital cost. In this regard, deciding on the capital structure is one of the most important strategies to achieve these goals. Since, board of directors is one of the main decision-making groups in in this field. Therefore, the relationships that can be seen in the form of a social network between the board members of different companies, the purpose of this study is to examine the capital cost and the capital structure in the relations network of the board of directors of companies in the Iranian stock market and is based on data related to 115 companies in the period 2012-2020. Network analysis and regression analysis were used to conduct research tests. Findings showed that in the communication network of companies, some of them are in a better position and have more access and effectiveness. Better location can lead to easier access to information and resources faster. Also, the results of testing the hypotheses showed that there is no significant relationship between the betweenness centrality, and the capital cost and the capital structure. But there is a significant negative relationship between the closeness centrality, and the capital cost and capital structure, and a significant positive relationship between the degree centrality and the capital cost and the capital structure. In other words, it can be said that the position in the structure of relationships can somehow affect the capital cost of companies and their capital structure.

Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two factor pattern

Purpose: Studies in the field of corporate governance have tried to formulate a model that is compatible with all companies with different goals by using of agency theory. On the other hand, some researchers emphasize on presenting a contingency perspective. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the board structure and corporate social responsibility by considering the role of contingency factors. Method: The research data includes 128 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2016 to 2021. Structural equation modeling and SmartPLS3 software were used to test the hypotheses. The three factors of firm size, business strategy and business competition have considered as contingency factors that affect the board structure. Results: Contingency factors including firm size, business strategy and business competition have a positive and significant effect on the board structure, and the board structure has a significant mediating effect on the relationship between the contingency factors and corporate social responsibility. Conclusion: Companies with a strong strategy, large size and high business competitiveness have a more efficient board structure. Contingency factors are among the factors affecting the board structure, and the fitting of the board structure with contingency factors lead to improve corporate social responsibility. Contribution: Studies based on agency theory are unable to explain the effectiveness of the board of directors in the field of corporate social responsibility due to having a narrow theoretical lens. By providing a contingency framework, this study contribute to the existing literature, and helps the legislators to formulate new guidelines and laws.